Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network [3]

This version of ATcT results[3] was generated by additional expansion of version 1.172 to include species related to Criegee intermediates that are involved in several ongoing studies[4].

Benzene

Formula: C6H6 (g)

CAS RN: 71-43-2

ATcT ID: 71-43-2*0

SMILES: c1ccccc1

InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H

InChIKey: UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hills Formula: C6H6

2D Image:

Aliases: Benzene; 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene; Cyclohexatriene; [6]Annulene; Phenyl hydride; Benzolene; Benzole; Benzol; Benzine; Coal naphtha; NSC 67315; Phene; Pyrobenzol; Pyrobenzole; C6H6; (CHCHCHCHCHCH); CH(CHCHCHCHCH)

Relative Molecular Mass: 78.1118 ± 0.0048

Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units
100.68	83.17	± 0.21	kJ/mol

3D Image of C6H6 (g)

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Top contributors to the provenance of Δ_fH° of C6H6 (g)

The 20 contributors listed below account only for 74.5% of the provenance of Δ_fH° of C6H6 (g).
A total of 158 contributors would be needed to account for 90% of the provenance.

Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Contribution (%)	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
15.8	6875.3	C6H6 (cr,l) + 15/2 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -780.97 ± 0.09 kcal/mol	Coops 1947, Coops 1946
12.8	6875.1	C6H6 (cr,l) + 15/2 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -780.98 ± 0.10 kcal/mol	Prosen 1945a, as quoted by Cox 1970
12.8	6875.4	C6H6 (cr,l) + 15/2 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -780.92 ± 0.10 kcal/mol	Good 1969
8.9	6875.2	C6H6 (cr,l) + 15/2 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -780.96 ± 0.12 kcal/mol	Cox 1970
5.1	2228.7	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.464 ± 0.024 kJ/mol	Hawtin 1966, note CO2e
2.7	125.2	1/2 O2 (g) + H2 (g) → H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -285.8261 ± 0.040 kJ/mol	Rossini 1939, Rossini 1931, Rossini 1931b, note H2Oa, Rossini 1930
2.4	2375.1	2 H2 (g) + C (graphite) → CH4 (g)	Δ_rG°(1165 K) = 37.521 ± 0.068 kJ/mol	Smith 1946, note COf, 3rd Law
2.0	2228.5	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.468 ± 0.038 kJ/mol	Fraser 1952, note CO2f
2.0	2228.4	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.462 ± 0.038 kJ/mol	Lewis 1965, note CO2d
1.9	4036.1	C6H6 (g) + 3 H2 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2) (g)	Δ_rH°(355. K) = -49.84 ± 0.15 (×1.384) kcal/mol	Kistiakowsky 1936
1.3	2228.11	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -94.051 ± 0.011 kcal/mol	Prosen 1944a, Cox 1970, NBS TN270, NBS Tables 1989
1.0	2373.7	CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -890.578 ± 0.078 kJ/mol	Schley 2010
0.9	2228.6	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.462 ± 0.056 kJ/mol	Hawtin 1966, note CO2e
0.7	9232.6	C6H4(C2H2(CC(C4H4))) (g) + 2 CH2CH2 (g) → 3 C6H6 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -54.9 ± 4.6 kJ/mol	Karton 2021
0.7	2228.2	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.498 ± 0.062 kJ/mol	Dewey 1938, note CO2, Rossini 1938, note CO2c
0.7	2228.3	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(303.15 K) = -393.447 ± 0.064 kJ/mol	Jessup 1938, note CO2a, Rossini 1938, note CO2c
0.5	6863.8	C6H6 (g) → 6 C (g) + 6 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 5463.0 ± 1.8 kJ/mol	Harding 2011
0.4	9232.7	C6H4(C2H2(CC(C4H4))) (g) + 2 CH2CH2 (g) → 3 C6H6 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -56.78 ± 6 kJ/mol	Dorofeeva 2022, est unc
0.4	2268.11	CO (g) → C (g) + O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1071.92 ± 0.10 kJ/mol	Thorpe 2021
0.4	2228.1	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.560 ± 0.055 (×1.509) kJ/mol	Prosen 1944, note CO2b

Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the Δ_fH° of C6H6 (g)

Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances.
The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.

Correlation Coefficent (%)	Species Name	Formula	Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units	Relative Molecular Mass	ATcT ID
100.0	Benzene cation	[C6H6]+ (g)	992.57	976.11	± 0.21	kJ/mol	78.1113 ± 0.0048	34504-50-2*0
99.8	Benzene	C6H6 (cr,l)	50.77	49.23	± 0.21	kJ/mol	78.1118 ± 0.0048	71-43-2*500
52.5	Phenide	[C6H5]- (g)	244.25	230.83	± 0.38	kJ/mol	77.1044 ± 0.0048	30922-78-2*0
45.9	Fluorobenzene	C6H5F (g)	-96.05	-111.73	± 0.39	kJ/mol	96.1023 ± 0.0048	462-06-6*0
45.8	Fluorobenzene cation	[C6H5F]+ (g)	791.92	776.90	± 0.39	kJ/mol	96.1018 ± 0.0048	34468-25-2*0
45.7	Fluorobenzene	C6H5F (cr,l)	-148.77	-146.36	± 0.39	kJ/mol	96.1023 ± 0.0048	462-06-6*500
44.5	Carbonic acid	C(O)(OH)2 (aq, undissoc)		-698.673	± 0.028	kJ/mol	62.0248 ± 0.0012	463-79-6*1000
38.4	Carbon dioxide	CO2 (g)	-393.111	-393.478	± 0.015	kJ/mol	44.00950 ± 0.00100	124-38-9*0
38.0	Carbon dioxide cation	[CO2]+ (g)	936.089	936.924	± 0.017	kJ/mol	44.00895 ± 0.00100	12181-61-2*0
36.1	Succinic acid	(CH2C(O)OH)2 (cr,l)	-918.50	-940.23	± 0.12	kJ/mol	118.0880 ± 0.0034	110-15-6*500

Most Influential reactions involving C6H6 (g)

Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.

Influence Coefficient	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
0.972	6864.1	C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 74556.575 ± 0.050 cm-1	Neuhauser 1997
0.712	6899.1	C6H6 (g) + [NH2]- (g) → [C6H5]- (g) + NH3 (g)	Δ_rG°(300 K) = -3.557 ± 0.047 kcal/mol	Davico 1995
0.556	6873.3	C6H6 (cr,l) → C6H6 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 33.935 ± 0.015 kJ/mol	Todd 1978
0.245	7293.1	C6F6 (g) + 5 C6H6 (g) → 6 C6H5F (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -32.57 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic G3X
0.245	7293.4	C6F6 (g) + 5 C6H6 (g) → 6 C6H5F (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -32.05 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.245	7293.2	C6F6 (g) + 5 C6H6 (g) → 6 C6H5F (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -32.98 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.244	7280.1	[C6H5F]- (g) + C6H6 (g) → C6H5F (g) + [C6H6]- (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 0.31 ± 0.03 eV	Frazier 1978, est unc
0.198	7293.3	C6F6 (g) + 5 C6H6 (g) → 6 C6H5F (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -32.44 ± 1.0 kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.198	6873.11	C6H6 (cr,l) → C6H6 (g)	Δ_rH°(314.74 K) = 7.905 ± 0.006 kcal/mol	Scott 1947
0.167	6870.5	[C6H6]- (g) → C6H6 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -1.15 ± 0.03 eV	Jordan 1976, Jordan 1976a, Jordan 1978
0.167	6870.1	[C6H6]- (g) → C6H6 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -1.12 ± 0.03 eV	Burrow 1987
0.162	7347.5	C6H5Cl (g) + [C6H5]- (g) → [C6H4Cl]- (g) + C6H6 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -9.09 ± 0.8 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.162	7349.5	C6H5Cl (g) + [C6H5]- (g) → [C6H4Cl]- (g) + C6H6 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -12.76 ± 0.8 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.160	8458.7	CH2C(CHCHCHCH) (g) → C6H6 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -31.16 ± 0.60 kcal/mol	Karton 2009a
0.158	7345.5	C6H5Cl (g) + [C6H5]- (g) → [C6H4Cl]- (g) + C6H6 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -7.31 ± 0.8 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.154	6899.3	C6H6 (g) + [NH2]- (g) → [C6H5]- (g) + NH3 (g)	Δ_rG°(300 K) = -3.618 ± 0.101 kcal/mol	Davico 1995
0.137	7280.2	[C6H5F]- (g) + C6H6 (g) → C6H5F (g) + [C6H6]- (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 0.26 ± 0.04 eV	Jordan 1976, est unc
0.133	7341.4	C6H4Cl (g) + C6H6 (g) → C6H5Cl (g) + C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -0.27 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.133	7342.4	C6H4Cl (g) + C6H6 (g) → C6H5Cl (g) + C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -0.85 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.132	7343.4	C6H4Cl (g) + C6H6 (g) → C6H5Cl (g) + C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -1.86 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO

References

1		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner, Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004) [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
2		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner, Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21^st Century. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005) [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
3		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network (2024); available at ATcT.anl.gov
4		T. L. Nguyen et al, ongoing studies (2024)
5		B. Ruscic, Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014) [DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
6		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Thermochemistry Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019) [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]

Formula

The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.

Uncertainties

The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [5] and Ruscic and Bross[6]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.000₅ kJ/mol.

Website Functionality Credits

The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.