Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network [3]This version of ATcT results[3] was generated by additional expansion of version 1.172 to include species related to Criegee intermediates that are involved in several ongoing studies[4].
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Benzene cation |
Formula: [C6H6]+ (g) |
CAS RN: 34504-50-2 |
ATcT ID: 34504-50-2*0 |
SMILES: c1ccc(cc1)[H+] |
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H/q+1 |
InChIKey: HAIIYTFJFNJWGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Hills Formula: C6H6+ |
2D Image: |
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Aliases: Benzene cation; Benzene ion (1+); Cyclohexatriene cation; Cyclohexatriene ion (1+); [C6H6]+; C6H6+ |
Relative Molecular Mass: 78.1113 ± 0.0048 |
ΔfH°(0 K) | ΔfH°(298.15 K) | Uncertainty | Units |
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992.57 | 976.11 | ± 0.21 | kJ/mol |
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3D Image of [C6H6]+ (g) |
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Top contributors to the provenance of ΔfH° of [C6H6]+ (g)The 20 contributors listed below account only for 74.5% of the provenance of ΔfH° of [C6H6]+ (g). A total of 158 contributors would be needed to account for 90% of the provenance.
Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.
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Contribution (%) | TN ID | Reaction | Measured Quantity | Reference | 15.8 | 6875.3 | C6H6 (cr,l) + 15/2 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -780.97 ± 0.09 kcal/mol | Coops 1947, Coops 1946 | 12.8 | 6875.1 | C6H6 (cr,l) + 15/2 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -780.98 ± 0.10 kcal/mol | Prosen 1945a, as quoted by Cox 1970 | 12.8 | 6875.4 | C6H6 (cr,l) + 15/2 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -780.92 ± 0.10 kcal/mol | Good 1969 | 8.9 | 6875.2 | C6H6 (cr,l) + 15/2 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -780.96 ± 0.12 kcal/mol | Cox 1970 | 5.1 | 2228.7 | C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -393.464 ± 0.024 kJ/mol | Hawtin 1966, note CO2e | 2.7 | 125.2 | 1/2 O2 (g) + H2 (g) → H2O (cr,l)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -285.8261 ± 0.040 kJ/mol | Rossini 1939, Rossini 1931, Rossini 1931b, note H2Oa, Rossini 1930 | 2.4 | 2375.1 | 2 H2 (g) + C (graphite) → CH4 (g)  | ΔrG°(1165 K) = 37.521 ± 0.068 kJ/mol | Smith 1946, note COf, 3rd Law | 2.0 | 2228.5 | C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -393.468 ± 0.038 kJ/mol | Fraser 1952, note CO2f | 2.0 | 2228.4 | C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -393.462 ± 0.038 kJ/mol | Lewis 1965, note CO2d | 1.9 | 4036.1 | C6H6 (g) + 3 H2 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2) (g)  | ΔrH°(355. K) = -49.84 ± 0.15 (×1.384) kcal/mol | Kistiakowsky 1936 | 1.3 | 2228.11 | C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -94.051 ± 0.011 kcal/mol | Prosen 1944a, Cox 1970, NBS TN270, NBS Tables 1989 | 1.0 | 2373.7 | CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -890.578 ± 0.078 kJ/mol | Schley 2010 | 0.9 | 2228.6 | C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -393.462 ± 0.056 kJ/mol | Hawtin 1966, note CO2e | 0.7 | 9232.6 | C6H4(C2H2(CC(C4H4))) (g) + 2 CH2CH2 (g) → 3 C6H6 (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = -54.9 ± 4.6 kJ/mol | Karton 2021 | 0.7 | 2228.2 | C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -393.498 ± 0.062 kJ/mol | Dewey 1938, note CO2, Rossini 1938, note CO2c | 0.7 | 2228.3 | C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)  | ΔrH°(303.15 K) = -393.447 ± 0.064 kJ/mol | Jessup 1938, note CO2a, Rossini 1938, note CO2c | 0.5 | 6863.8 | C6H6 (g) → 6 C (g) + 6 H (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 5463.0 ± 1.8 kJ/mol | Harding 2011 | 0.4 | 9232.7 | C6H4(C2H2(CC(C4H4))) (g) + 2 CH2CH2 (g) → 3 C6H6 (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = -56.78 ± 6 kJ/mol | Dorofeeva 2022, est unc | 0.4 | 2268.11 | CO (g) → C (g) + O (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 1071.92 ± 0.10 kJ/mol | Thorpe 2021 | 0.4 | 2228.1 | C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)  | ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -393.560 ± 0.055 (×1.509) kJ/mol | Prosen 1944, note CO2b |
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Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the ΔfH° of [C6H6]+ (g) |
Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances. The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.
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Correlation Coefficent (%) | Species Name | Formula | Image | ΔfH°(0 K) | ΔfH°(298.15 K) | Uncertainty | Units | Relative Molecular Mass | ATcT ID | 100.0 | Benzene | C6H6 (g) | | 100.68 | 83.17 | ± 0.21 | kJ/mol | 78.1118 ± 0.0048 | 71-43-2*0 | 99.8 | Benzene | C6H6 (cr,l) | | 50.77 | 49.23 | ± 0.21 | kJ/mol | 78.1118 ± 0.0048 | 71-43-2*500 | 52.5 | Phenide | [C6H5]- (g) | | 244.25 | 230.83 | ± 0.38 | kJ/mol | 77.1044 ± 0.0048 | 30922-78-2*0 | 45.9 | Fluorobenzene | C6H5F (g) | | -96.05 | -111.73 | ± 0.39 | kJ/mol | 96.1023 ± 0.0048 | 462-06-6*0 | 45.8 | Fluorobenzene cation | [C6H5F]+ (g) | | 791.92 | 776.90 | ± 0.39 | kJ/mol | 96.1018 ± 0.0048 | 34468-25-2*0 | 45.7 | Fluorobenzene | C6H5F (cr,l) | | -148.77 | -146.36 | ± 0.39 | kJ/mol | 96.1023 ± 0.0048 | 462-06-6*500 | 44.5 | Carbonic acid | C(O)(OH)2 (aq, undissoc) | | | -698.673 | ± 0.028 | kJ/mol | 62.0248 ± 0.0012 | 463-79-6*1000 | 38.4 | Carbon dioxide | CO2 (g) | | -393.111 | -393.478 | ± 0.015 | kJ/mol | 44.00950 ± 0.00100 | 124-38-9*0 | 38.0 | Carbon dioxide cation | [CO2]+ (g) | | 936.089 | 936.924 | ± 0.017 | kJ/mol | 44.00895 ± 0.00100 | 12181-61-2*0 | 36.1 | Succinic acid | (CH2C(O)OH)2 (cr,l) | | -918.50 | -940.23 | ± 0.12 | kJ/mol | 118.0880 ± 0.0034 | 110-15-6*500 |
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Most Influential reactions involving [C6H6]+ (g)Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.
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Influence Coefficient | TN ID | Reaction | Measured Quantity | Reference | 0.972 | 6864.1 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 74556.575 ± 0.050 cm-1 | Neuhauser 1997 | 0.030 | 6896.3 | [C6H6]+ (g) → [C6H5]+ (g) + H (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 3.90 ± 0.05 eV | Troe 2006 | 0.011 | 6864.4 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 74556.1 ± 0.3 (×1.542) cm-1 | Dietrich 1996, Neuhauser 1997 | 0.007 | 6896.1 | [C6H6]+ (g) → [C6H5]+ (g) + H (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 3.88 ± 0.10 eV | Klippenstein 1993, Klippenstein 1997, Neusser 1989 | 0.007 | 6864.5 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 74556.0 ± 0.5 (×1.139) cm-1 | Nemeth 1993 | 0.002 | 6864.8 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 74556.3 ± 1.0 cm-1 | Goode 1997 | 0.002 | 6864.6 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 74556.5 ± 1.0 cm-1 | Lindner 1993a, Nemeth 1993, est unc | 0.002 | 6864.7 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 74555.5 ± 0.5 (×2.134) cm-1 | Krause 1992 | 0.001 | 6896.2 | [C6H6]+ (g) → [C6H5]+ (g) + H (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 3.697 ± 0.20 eV | Klippenstein 1997, note unc4 | 0.001 | 6871.5 | [C6H6]+ (g) → 6 C (g) + 6 H (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 1092.98 ± 1.60 kcal/mol | Ruscic CBS-n | 0.001 | 6871.2 | [C6H6]+ (g) → 6 C (g) + 6 H (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 1090.93 ± 1.84 kcal/mol | Ruscic G3 | 0.001 | 6864.2 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 74555.0 ± 0.4 (×3.914) cm-1 | Chewter 1987 | 0.000 | 6871.4 | [C6H6]+ (g) → 6 C (g) + 6 H (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 1088.96 ± 2.16 (×1.756) kcal/mol | Ruscic CBS-n | 0.000 | 7385.1 | C6H5F (g) + [C6H6]+ (g) → [C6H5F]+ (g) + C6H6 (g)  | ΔrG°(350 K) = -0.24 ± 0.5 kcal/mol | Lias 1978, 3rd Law, est unc | 0.000 | 7385.2 | C6H5F (g) + [C6H6]+ (g) → [C6H5F]+ (g) + C6H6 (g)  | ΔrH°(350 K) = -1.29 ± 0.5 kcal/mol | Lias 1978, 2nd Law, est unc | 0.000 | 7385.3 | C6H5F (g) + [C6H6]+ (g) → [C6H5F]+ (g) + C6H6 (g)  | ΔrH°(350 K) = -1.20 ± 0.5 kcal/mol | Lias 1978, 2nd Law, est unc | 0.000 | 6864.11 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 74553 ± 4 cm-1 | Burrill 2004, Johnson 2002a, Johnson 2002 | 0.000 | 6864.10 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 74551 ± 5 (×1.114) cm-1 | Kwon 2003 | 0.000 | 6864.9 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 74573.0 ± 2.0 (×8.354) cm-1 | Grubb 1984 | 0.000 | 6865.1 | C6H6 (g) → [C6H6]+ (g)  | ΔrH°(0 K) = 9.241 ± 0.001 (×2.89) eV | Asbrink 1970 |
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References
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1
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B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner,
Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited.
J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004)
[DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
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2
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B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner,
Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21st Century.
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005)
[DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
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3
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B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network (2024); available at ATcT.anl.gov |
4
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T. L. Nguyen et al, ongoing studies (2024)
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5
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B. Ruscic,
Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables.
Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014)
[DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
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6
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B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross,
Thermochemistry
Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019)
[DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]
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Formula
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The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.
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Uncertainties
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The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [5] and Ruscic and Bross[6]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.0005 kJ/mol.
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Website Functionality Credits
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The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.
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Acknowledgement
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This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
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