Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network [3]

This version of ATcT results[3] was generated by additional expansion of version 1.172 to include species related to Criegee intermediates that are involved in several ongoing studies[4].

Carbon dioxide

Formula: CO2 (g)

CAS RN: 124-38-9

ATcT ID: 124-38-9*0

SMILES: C(=O)=O

InChI: InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3

InChIKey: CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hills Formula: C1O2

2D Image:

Aliases: Carbon dioxide; Methanedione; Carbonic anhydride; Carbonic acid anhydride; Carbon oxide; R744; CO2; OCO; O=C=O; UN 1013; UN 1845; UN 2187

Relative Molecular Mass: 44.00950 ± 0.00100

Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units
-393.111	-393.478	± 0.015	kJ/mol

3D Image of CO2 (g)

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Top contributors to the provenance of Δ_fH° of CO2 (g)

The 8 contributors listed below account for 91.1% of the provenance of Δ_fH° of CO2 (g).

Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Contribution (%)	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
34.7	2228.7	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.464 ± 0.024 kJ/mol	Hawtin 1966, note CO2e
13.8	2228.5	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.468 ± 0.038 kJ/mol	Fraser 1952, note CO2f
13.8	2228.4	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.462 ± 0.038 kJ/mol	Lewis 1965, note CO2d
9.4	2228.11	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -94.051 ± 0.011 kcal/mol	Prosen 1944a, Cox 1970, NBS TN270, NBS Tables 1989
6.3	2228.6	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.462 ± 0.056 kJ/mol	Hawtin 1966, note CO2e
5.1	2228.2	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.498 ± 0.062 kJ/mol	Dewey 1938, note CO2, Rossini 1938, note CO2c
4.8	2228.3	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(303.15 K) = -393.447 ± 0.064 kJ/mol	Jessup 1938, note CO2a, Rossini 1938, note CO2c
2.9	2228.1	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.560 ± 0.055 (×1.509) kJ/mol	Prosen 1944, note CO2b

Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the Δ_fH° of CO2 (g)

Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances.
The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.

Correlation Coefficent (%)	Species Name	Formula	Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units	Relative Molecular Mass	ATcT ID
98.9	Carbon dioxide cation	[CO2]+ (g)	936.089	936.924	± 0.017	kJ/mol	44.00895 ± 0.00100	12181-61-2*0
79.9	Carbon dioxide	CO2 (aq, undissoc)		-412.868	± 0.018	kJ/mol	44.00950 ± 0.00100	124-38-9*1000
58.3	Benzoic acid	C6H5C(O)OH (cr,l)	-367.34	-384.75	± 0.17	kJ/mol	122.1213 ± 0.0056	65-85-0*500
50.2	Benzoic acid	C6H5C(O)OH (g)	-274.34	-294.14	± 0.19	kJ/mol	122.1213 ± 0.0056	65-85-0*0
45.7	Carbonic acid	C(O)(OH)2 (aq, undissoc)		-698.673	± 0.028	kJ/mol	62.0248 ± 0.0012	463-79-6*1000
44.5	Succinic acid	(CH2C(O)OH)2 (cr,l)	-918.50	-940.23	± 0.12	kJ/mol	118.0880 ± 0.0034	110-15-6*500
38.4	Benzene	C6H6 (cr,l)	50.77	49.23	± 0.21	kJ/mol	78.1118 ± 0.0048	71-43-2*500
38.4	Benzene	C6H6 (g)	100.68	83.17	± 0.21	kJ/mol	78.1118 ± 0.0048	71-43-2*0
38.4	Benzene cation	[C6H6]+ (g)	992.57	976.11	± 0.21	kJ/mol	78.1113 ± 0.0048	34504-50-2*0
36.8	Benzoyl chloride	C6H5C(O)Cl (cr,l)		-157.11	± 0.26	kJ/mol	140.5667 ± 0.0057	98-88-4*500

Most Influential reactions involving CO2 (g)

Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.

Influence Coefficient	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
1.000	6187.1	CH2CHCl (s, poly) + 5/2 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + H2O (cr,l) + HCl (aq, 600 H2O)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -273.72 ± 0.3 kcal/mol	Sinke 1958, Manion 2002, note unc3
1.000	6824.1	2 ICH2CH2OH (l) + 11/2 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (cr,l) + I2 (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -2588.56 ± 4.8 kJ/mol	Bernardes 2007
1.000	7593.1	(CH3)2CHCH2C(CH3)3 (cr,l) + 25/2 O2 (g) → 8 CO2 (g) + 9 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1305.30 ± 0.35 kcal/mol	Prosen 1945b, as quoted by Pedley 1986
0.998	3036.1	CH2O (cr, polyoxymethylene) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -121.518 ± 0.048 kcal/mol	Parks 1963, note std dev, mw conversion
0.982	7638.1	CH2ICH2I (cr,l) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l) + I2 (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1368.0 ± 0.6 kJ/mol	Carson 1994, as quoted by NIST WebBook
0.980	5343.2	CH3CH2C(O)OH (cr,l) + 7/2 O2 (g) → 3 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -365.266 ± 0.037 kcal/mol	Lebedeva 1964
0.979	3219.1	CO2 (g) + H2O (cr,l) → [HOC(O)O]- (aq) + H+ (aq)	Δ_rG°(298.15 K) = 10.666 ± 0.007 kcal/mol	Berg 1978a, CODATA Key Vals, Bates 1978
0.976	7297.1	999 C6F6 (cr,l) + 999 O2 (g) → 999 CO2 (g) + 999 CF4 (g) + 834 F2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -469109 ± 200 kcal/mol	Krech 1972
0.968	3802.1	CH3CH(CH2CH2) (l) + 6 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -649.87 ± 0.14 kcal/mol	Good 1971
0.964	3231.1	C(O)(OCH3)2 (cr,l) + 3 O2 (g) → 3 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1429.28 ± 0.30 kJ/mol	Steele 1997a
0.957	7624.1	(CH2COOH)2(NH3)2 (cr) + 5 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (cr,l) + N2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -503.411 ± 0.110 kcal/mol	Vanderzee 1972c
0.939	2234.1	CO2 (g) → [CO2]+ (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 111112.29 ± 0.18 cm-1	Hollenstein 2019
0.911	5886.1	NH2CN (cr) + 3/2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (cr,l) + N2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -176.42 ± 0.13 kcal/mol	Salley 1948, as quoted by Cox 1970
0.891	7623.1	2 (CH2C(O)OH)2(NH3) (cr) + 17/2 O2 (g) → 8 CO2 (g) + 9 H2O (cr,l) + N2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -856.796 ± 0.357 kcal/mol	Vanderzee 1972c
0.882	3223.3	C(O)(OCH2CH2O) (cr,l) + 5/2 O2 (g) → 3 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -279.78 ± 0.09 kcal/mol	Vasileva 1972, Pedley 1986
0.880	7406.1	O(CHCHCHCH) (cr,l) + 9/2 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -497.98 ± 0.15 kcal/mol	Guthrie 1952, Cox 1970
0.865	4076.1	CH2CHCH2CH2CHCH2 (cr,l) + 17/2 O2 (g) → 5 H2O (cr,l) + 6 CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -918.81 ± 0.07 kcal/mol	Coops 1946, Cox 1970
0.838	9163.1	2 CH3CH2CH2NH2 (cr,l) + 21/2 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 9 H2O (cr,l) + N2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1130.58 ± 0.20 kcal/mol	Smith 1967a, est unc
0.827	7933.1	2 CH(O)NH2 (cr,l) + 5/2 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l) + N2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1142.8 ± 0.6 kJ/mol	Emelyanenko 2011
0.827	9385.1	CH3C(O)C(O)OH (cr,l) + 5/2 O2 (g) → 3 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1163.4 ± 0.8 kJ/mol	Emelyanenko 2018

References

1		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner, Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004) [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
2		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner, Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21^st Century. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005) [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
3		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network (2024); available at ATcT.anl.gov
4		T. L. Nguyen et al, ongoing studies (2024)
5		B. Ruscic, Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014) [DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
6		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Thermochemistry Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019) [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]

Formula

The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.

Uncertainties

The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [5] and Ruscic and Bross[6]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.000₅ kJ/mol.

Website Functionality Credits

The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.