Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.156 of the Thermochemical Network [3]

This version of ATcT results[3] was generated by additional expansion of version 1.148 to include species relevant to a recent study of the oxidation of ethylene [4] as well as new measurements that led to refining the thermochemistry of CF and SiF and their cations [5].

1,3-Butadiene

Formula: CH2CHCHCH2 (g)

CAS RN: 106-99-0

ATcT ID: 106-99-0*0

SMILES: C=CC=C

InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H,1-2H2

InChIKey: KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hills Formula: C4H6

2D Image:

Aliases: CH2CHCHCH2; 1,3-Butadiene; Butadiene; Biethylene; Bivinyl; Divinyl; Erythrene; Vinylethylene; alpha,gamma-Butadiene; 25339-57-5; 49658-07-3

Relative Molecular Mass: 54.0904 ± 0.0032

Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units
125.61	111.14	± 0.29	kJ/mol

3D Image of CH2CHCHCH2 (g)

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Top contributors to the provenance of Δ_fH° of CH2CHCHCH2 (g)

The 20 contributors listed below account only for 49.1% of the provenance of Δ_fH° of CH2CHCHCH2 (g).
A total of 369 contributors would be needed to account for 90% of the provenance.

Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Contribution (%)	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
25.6	3760.1	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + 2 H2 (g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(355.15 K) = -57.079 ± 0.10 kcal/mol	Kistiakowsky 1936, Prosen 1945c
2.1	2359.1	2 H2 (g) + C (graphite) → CH4 (g)	Δ_rG°(1165 K) = 37.521 ± 0.068 kJ/mol	Smith 1946, note COf, 3rd Law
2.0	3770.1	CH3CCCH3 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -8.68 ± 0.29 kcal/mol	Prosen 1951
2.0	125.2	1/2 O2 (g) + H2 (g) → H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -285.8261 ± 0.040 kJ/mol	Rossini 1939, Rossini 1931, Rossini 1931b, note H2Oa, Rossini 1930
1.7	3757.9	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) → 4 C (g) + 6 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 959.70 ± 0.45 kcal/mol	Karton 2017
1.5	3758.1	4 CH4 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + 5 H2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 391.17 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
1.4	3759.1	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + 11/2 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -607.15 ± 0.18 (×2.89) kcal/mol	Prosen 1951
1.1	3765.8	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + CH3CH3 (g) → 2 CH3CHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 12.89 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
1.0	3763.6	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + 2 CH4 (g) → CH3CH3 (g) + 2 CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 14.29 ± 0.50 kcal/mol	Porterfield 2015, est unc
1.0	3764.7	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + 2 CH3CH3 (g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) + 2 CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 34.72 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
1.0	3765.7	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + CH3CH3 (g) → 2 CH3CHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 2.94 ± 0.50 kcal/mol	Wheeler 2004, est unc
1.0	3788.1	CH3CHCCH2 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -12.78 ± 0.16 (×3.084) kcal/mol	Prosen 1949
0.9	3776.8	CH2(CH2CHCH) (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -12.53 ± 0.35 kcal/mol	Karton 2017
0.9	3757.10	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) → 4 C (g) + 6 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 959.7 ± 0.6 kcal/mol	Bakowies 2020
0.9	3757.7	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) → 4 C (g) + 6 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 960.02 ± 0.60 kcal/mol	Karton 2009a
0.8	2214.7	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.464 ± 0.024 kJ/mol	Hawtin 1966, note CO2e
0.8	3792.1	CH3CHCCH2 (g) + 11/2 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -619.92 ± 0.13 kcal/mol	Prosen 1951
0.8	8015.6	CH(CHCHCH) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -159.84 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.7	3948.1	CH2C(CH3)CHCH2 (g) + 7 O2 (g) → 5 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -3186.53 ± 0.96 kJ/mol	Fraser 1955
0.7	3771.6	CH3CCCH3 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -34.19 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017

Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the Δ_fH° of CH2CHCHCH2 (g)

Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances.
The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.

Correlation Coefficent (%)	Species Name	Formula	Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units	Relative Molecular Mass	ATcT ID
42.3	n-Butane	CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	-98.23	-125.54	± 0.19	kJ/mol	58.1222 ± 0.0033	106-97-8*0
33.4	Propane	CH3CH2CH3 (g)	-82.71	-104.99	± 0.15	kJ/mol	44.0956 ± 0.0025	74-98-6*0
29.1	Carbonic acid	C(O)(OH)2 (aq, undissoc)		-698.670	± 0.028	kJ/mol	62.0248 ± 0.0012	463-79-6*1000
29.1	Propene	CH3CHCH2 (g)	34.91	20.07	± 0.18	kJ/mol	42.0797 ± 0.0024	115-07-1*0
29.1	Propylene cation	[CH3CHCH2]+ (g)	975.20	961.67	± 0.18	kJ/mol	42.0792 ± 0.0024	34504-10-4*0
28.9	Ethylene	CH2CH2 (g)	60.91	52.40	± 0.11	kJ/mol	28.0532 ± 0.0016	74-85-1*0
28.8	Ethylene cation	[CH2CH2]+ (g)	1075.22	1068.01	± 0.11	kJ/mol	28.0526 ± 0.0016	34470-02-5*0
27.2	trans-2-Butene	CH3CHCHCH3 (g, trans)	9.68	-10.88	± 0.28	kJ/mol	56.1063 ± 0.0032	624-64-6*0
27.2	1-Methylene-2-propenyl	CH2CHCCH2 (g)	327.18	317.18	± 0.75	kJ/mol	53.0825 ± 0.0032	1204515-52-5*0
26.8	1,3-Butadienyl	CH2CHCHCH (g, trans-trans)	372.28	361.79	± 0.87	kJ/mol	53.0825 ± 0.0032	86181-68-2*11

Most Influential reactions involving CH2CHCHCH2 (g)

Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.

Influence Coefficient	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
0.409	3760.1	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + 2 H2 (g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(355.15 K) = -57.079 ± 0.10 kcal/mol	Kistiakowsky 1936, Prosen 1945c
0.181	3875.5	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + [CH2CH]- (g) → [CH2CHCHCH]- (g) + CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -8.45 ± 0.8 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.175	3864.6	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + CH2CH (g) → CH2CHCHCH (g, trans-trans) + CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 5.90 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.173	3863.6	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) → CH2CHCHCH (g, trans-trans) + H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 462.68 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.167	3776.8	CH2(CH2CHCH) (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -12.53 ± 0.35 kcal/mol	Karton 2017
0.160	7481.6	CH3C(O)CHCH2 (g, trans) + CH2CH2 (g) → CH3CHO (g) + CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.22 ± 0.50 kcal/mol	Porterfield 2015, est unc
0.152	3828.5	[CH2CHCCH2]- (g) + CH2CH2 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + [CH2CH]- (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 10.75 ± 0.8 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.149	3770.1	CH3CCCH3 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -8.68 ± 0.29 kcal/mol	Prosen 1951
0.146	3874.5	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) → [CH2CHCHCH]- (g) + H+ (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 399.06 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.129	3821.7	CH2CHCCH2 (g) + CH4 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 14.19 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.129	3820.6	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) → CH2CHCCH2 (g) + H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 418.39 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.128	3776.7	CH2(CH2CHCH) (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -12.26 ± 0.4 kcal/mol	Karton 2009a
0.123	8015.6	CH(CHCHCH) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -159.84 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.121	7517.5	CH2CHCHO (g, cis) + CH2CH2 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + CH2O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.43 ± 0.85 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.118	3821.6	CH2CHCCH2 (g) + CH4 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 3.22 ± 0.50 kcal/mol	Wheeler 2004, est unc
0.116	3827.5	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) → [CH2CHCCH2]- (g) + H+ (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 396.76 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.116	3875.2	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + [CH2CH]- (g) → [CH2CHCHCH]- (g) + CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -8.63 ± 1.0 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.116	3875.4	CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + [CH2CH]- (g) → [CH2CHCHCH]- (g) + CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -8.89 ± 1.0 kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.108	7517.2	CH2CHCHO (g, cis) + CH2CH2 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + CH2O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.05 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.108	7517.1	CH2CHCHO (g, cis) + CH2CH2 (g) → CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + CH2O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.40 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic G3X

References

1		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner, Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004) [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
2		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner, Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21^st Century. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005) [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
3		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.156 of the Thermochemical Network (2024); available at ATcT.anl.gov
4		N. A. Seifert, B. Ruscic, R. Sivaramakrishnan, and K. Prozument, The C2H4O Isomers in the Oxidation of Ethylene J. Mol. Spectrosc. 398, 111847/1-8 (2023) [DOI: 10.1016/j.jms.2023.111847]
5		U. Jacovella, B. Ruscic, N. L. Chen, H.-L. Le, S. Boyé-Péronne, S. Hartweg, M. Roy-Chowdhury, G. A. Garcia, J.-C. Loison, and B. Gans, Refining Thermochemical Properties of CF, SiF, and Their Cations by Combining Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemical Calculations, and the Active Thermochemical Tables Approach Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 25, 30838-30847 (2023) [DOI: 10.1039/D3CP04244H]
6		B. Ruscic, Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014) [DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
7		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Thermochemistry Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019) [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]

Formula

The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.

Uncertainties

The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [6] and Ruscic and Bross[7]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.000₅ kJ/mol.

Website Functionality Credits

The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.