Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network [3]

This version of ATcT results[3] was generated by additional expansion of version 1.172 to include species related to Criegee intermediates that are involved in several ongoing studies[4].

Toluene

Formula: C6H5CH3 (l)

CAS RN: 108-88-3

ATcT ID: 108-88-3*500

SMILES: c1ccc(cc1)C

InChI: InChI=1S/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3

InChIKey: YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hills Formula: C7H8

2D Image:

Aliases: C6H5CH3; Toluene; Phenylmethane; Methylbenzol; Methylbenzene; Methane, phenyl-; Methacide; Benzene, methyl

Relative Molecular Mass: 92.1384 ± 0.0056

Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units
19.78	12.03	± 0.31	kJ/mol

Top contributors to the provenance of Δ_fH° of C6H5CH3 (l)

The 20 contributors listed below account only for 70.0% of the provenance of Δ_fH° of C6H5CH3 (l).
A total of 132 contributors would be needed to account for 90% of the provenance.

Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Contribution (%)	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
25.0	6956.1	C6H5CH3 (l) + 9 O2 (g) → 7 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -934.49 ± 0.12 kcal/mol	Prosen 1945a, as quoted by Cox 1970
25.0	6956.4	C6H5CH3 (l) + 9 O2 (g) → 7 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -934.45 ± 0.12 kcal/mol	Good 1969
3.7	6956.2	C6H5CH3 (l) + 9 O2 (g) → 7 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -934.72 ± 0.11 (×2.828) kcal/mol	Coops 1946, as quoted by Cox 1970
3.1	2228.7	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.464 ± 0.024 kJ/mol	Hawtin 1966, note CO2e
1.9	125.2	1/2 O2 (g) + H2 (g) → H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -285.8261 ± 0.040 kJ/mol	Rossini 1939, Rossini 1931, Rossini 1931b, note H2Oa, Rossini 1930
1.5	2375.1	2 H2 (g) + C (graphite) → CH4 (g)	Δ_rG°(1165 K) = 37.521 ± 0.068 kJ/mol	Smith 1946, note COf, 3rd Law
1.2	2228.4	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.462 ± 0.038 kJ/mol	Lewis 1965, note CO2d
1.2	2228.5	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.468 ± 0.038 kJ/mol	Fraser 1952, note CO2f
0.8	9186.1	C6H5CH2CH2C6H5 (g) → 2 C6H5CH2 (g)	Δ_rG°(1200 K) = 82.5 ± 4 kJ/mol	Hippler 1990, Muller-Markgraf 1988, 3rd Law, est unc
0.8	7259.1	CH3C6H4C(O)H (cr, l, ortho) + 19/2 O2 (g) → 8 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -4170.4 ± 2.1 kJ/mol	Bilodeau 1999
0.8	2228.11	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -94.051 ± 0.011 kcal/mol	Prosen 1944a, Cox 1970, NBS TN270, NBS Tables 1989
0.7	2373.7	CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -890.578 ± 0.078 kJ/mol	Schley 2010
0.5	2228.6	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.462 ± 0.056 kJ/mol	Hawtin 1966, note CO2e
0.4	6960.1	[C6H5CH2]- (g) → C6H5CH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 0.912 ± 0.006 eV	Gunion 1992
0.4	2228.2	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.498 ± 0.062 kJ/mol	Dewey 1938, note CO2, Rossini 1938, note CO2c
0.4	9284.5	C6H5C(O)OH (g) + CH3CH3 (g) → C6H5CH3 (g) + CH3C(O)OH (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -0.15 ± 0.85 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.4	2228.3	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(303.15 K) = -393.447 ± 0.064 kJ/mol	Jessup 1938, note CO2a, Rossini 1938, note CO2c
0.4	7084.1	C6H5CH2CH3 (cr,l) + 21/2 O2 (g) → 5 H2O (cr,l) + 8 CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -4564.80 ± 0.72 kJ/mol	Prosen 1945a, Prosen 1946a
0.4	9284.1	C6H5C(O)OH (g) + CH3CH3 (g) → C6H5CH3 (g) + CH3C(O)OH (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 0.32 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic G3X
0.4	9284.2	C6H5C(O)OH (g) + CH3CH3 (g) → C6H5CH3 (g) + CH3C(O)OH (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -0.12 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4

Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the Δ_fH° of C6H5CH3 (l)

Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances.
The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.

Correlation Coefficent (%)	Species Name	Formula	Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units	Relative Molecular Mass	ATcT ID
98.0	Toluene	C6H5CH3 (g)	73.35	50.06	± 0.31	kJ/mol	92.1384 ± 0.0056	108-88-3*0
73.9	Benzylide	[C6H5CH2]- (g)	141.98	123.07	± 0.39	kJ/mol	91.1310 ± 0.0056	18860-15-6*0
49.1	Benzyl	C6H5CH2 (g)	230.13	211.32	± 0.51	kJ/mol	91.1305 ± 0.0056	2154-56-5*0
48.9	Benzylium	[C6H5CH2]+ (g)	929.56	910.06	± 0.51	kJ/mol	91.1299 ± 0.0056	6711-19-9*0
36.3	Carbonic acid	C(O)(OH)2 (aq, undissoc)		-698.673	± 0.028	kJ/mol	62.0248 ± 0.0012	463-79-6*1000
30.0	Carbon dioxide	CO2 (g)	-393.111	-393.478	± 0.015	kJ/mol	44.00950 ± 0.00100	124-38-9*0
29.7	Carbon dioxide cation	[CO2]+ (g)	936.089	936.924	± 0.017	kJ/mol	44.00895 ± 0.00100	12181-61-2*0
29.6	Benzoic acid	C6H5C(O)OH (cr,l)	-367.34	-384.75	± 0.17	kJ/mol	122.1213 ± 0.0056	65-85-0*500
29.3	Succinic acid	(CH2C(O)OH)2 (cr,l)	-918.50	-940.23	± 0.12	kJ/mol	118.0880 ± 0.0034	110-15-6*500
26.1	Benzene	C6H6 (cr,l)	50.77	49.23	± 0.21	kJ/mol	78.1118 ± 0.0048	71-43-2*500

Most Influential reactions involving C6H5CH3 (l)

Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.

Influence Coefficient	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
0.563	6955.1	C6H5CH3 (l) → C6H5CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 38.06 ± 0.08 kJ/mol	Majer 1985
0.303	6956.1	C6H5CH3 (l) + 9 O2 (g) → 7 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -934.49 ± 0.12 kcal/mol	Prosen 1945a, as quoted by Cox 1970
0.303	6956.4	C6H5CH3 (l) + 9 O2 (g) → 7 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -934.45 ± 0.12 kcal/mol	Good 1969
0.128	6955.6	C6H5CH3 (l) → C6H5CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 9.115 ± 0.04 kcal/mol	Andon 1957, est unc
0.128	6955.5	C6H5CH3 (l) → C6H5CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 9.08 ± 0.04 kcal/mol	as quoted by Cox 1970
0.124	6955.2	C6H5CH3 (l) → C6H5CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 38.01 ± 0.17 kJ/mol	ThermoData 2004
0.045	6956.2	C6H5CH3 (l) + 9 O2 (g) → 7 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -934.72 ± 0.11 (×2.828) kcal/mol	Coops 1946, as quoted by Cox 1970
0.035	6955.7	C6H5CH3 (l) → C6H5CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(293.15 K) = 9.102 ± 0.076 kcal/mol	Yarym-Agaev 1950, est unc
0.006	6955.8	C6H5CH3 (l) → C6H5CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(313.15 K) = 8.860 ± 0.176 kcal/mol	Yarym-Agaev 1950, est unc
0.000	6955.9	C6H5CH3 (l) → C6H5CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(383.15 K) = 8.34 ± 0.55 kcal/mol	Morie 1972

References

1		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner, Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004) [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
2		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner, Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21^st Century. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005) [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
3		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network (2024); available at ATcT.anl.gov
4		T. L. Nguyen et al, ongoing studies (2024)
5		B. Ruscic, Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014) [DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
6		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Thermochemistry Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019) [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]

Formula

The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.

Uncertainties

The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [5] and Ruscic and Bross[6]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.000₅ kJ/mol.

Website Functionality Credits

The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.