Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network [3]

This version of ATcT results[3] was generated by additional expansion of version 1.172 to include species related to Criegee intermediates that are involved in several ongoing studies[4].

Ammonium hydroxide

Formula: NH4OH (aq)

CAS RN: 1336-21-6

ATcT ID: 1336-21-6*800

SMILES: [NH4+].[OH-]

InChI: InChI=1S/H3N.H2O/h1H3;1H2

InChIKey: VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: [NH4][OH]

InChI: InChI=1S/H5NO/c1-2/h2H,1H4

InChIKey: AVWWWZOEBBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hills Formula: H5N1O1

2D Image:

Aliases: NH4OH; Ammonium hydroxide; Ammonia monohydrate

Relative Molecular Mass: 35.04584 ± 0.00047

Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units
	-362.837	± 0.061	kJ/mol

Top contributors to the provenance of Δ_fH° of NH4OH (aq)

The 20 contributors listed below account only for 84.1% of the provenance of Δ_fH° of NH4OH (aq).
A total of 43 contributors would be needed to account for 90% of the provenance.

Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Contribution (%)	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
28.9	1726.1	NH3 (g) → NH3 (aq, undissoc)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -8.448 ± 0.015 kcal/mol	Vanderzee 1972
10.2	1662.1	1/2 N2 (g) + 3/2 H2 (g) → NH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -10.885 ± 0.010 kcal/mol	Larson 1923, Vanderzee 1972
7.2	1726.2	NH3 (g) → NH3 (aq, undissoc)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -8.456 ± 0.030 kcal/mol	Stavaley 1971, Vanderzee 1972, as quoted by CODATA Key Vals
7.2	1726.7	NH3 (g) → NH3 (aq, undissoc)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -8.456 ± 0.030 kcal/mol	Staveley 1971, Vanderzee 1972
5.2	1661.5	1/2 N2 (g) + 3/2 H2 (g) → NH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -10.875 ± 0.014 kcal/mol	Schulz 1966, Vanderzee 1972
5.1	125.2	1/2 O2 (g) + H2 (g) → H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -285.8261 ± 0.040 kJ/mol	Rossini 1939, Rossini 1931, Rossini 1931b, note H2Oa, Rossini 1930
3.7	1728.1	[NH4]+ (aq) → NH3 (aq, undissoc) + H+ (aq)	Δ_rG°(298.15 K) = 52.771 ± 0.020 kJ/mol	Bates 1950, Bates 1950, Bates 1949, Bates 1943, Bates 1946
2.6	1726.3	NH3 (g) → NH3 (aq, undissoc)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -8.442 ± 0.050 kcal/mol	Thomsen 1873, Vanderzee 1972
2.2	1731.1	N2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l) + 2 H+ (aq) → 3/2 O2 (g) + 2 [NH4]+ (aq)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 141.292 ± 0.119 kcal/mol	Vanderzee 1972c
2.0	1661.4	1/2 N2 (g) + 3/2 H2 (g) → NH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -10.910 ± 0.015 (×1.477) kcal/mol	Larson 1924, Vanderzee 1972
1.6	1730.1	NH3 (g) + HON(O)O (aq) → [NH4]+ (aq) + [ON(O)O]- (aq)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -87.23 ± 0.25 (×1.164) kJ/mol	Becker 1934, Vanderzee 1972a, as quoted by CODATA Key Vals
1.5	2373.7	CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -890.578 ± 0.078 kJ/mol	Schley 2010
1.3	2375.1	2 H2 (g) + C (graphite) → CH4 (g)	Δ_rG°(1165 K) = 37.521 ± 0.068 kJ/mol	Smith 1946, note COf, 3rd Law
0.9	1729.3	NH3 (aq, undissoc) + H2O (cr,l) → [NH4]+ (aq) + [OH]- (aq)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 0.920 ± 0.010 kcal/mol	Vanderzee 1972a
0.7	1722.6	(NH4)Cl (cr) → NH3 (g) + HCl (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 42.20 ± 0.06 (×1.719) kcal/mol	Braune 1928, JANAF 3, 3rd Law
0.7	1662.8	1/2 N2 (g) + 3/2 H2 (g) → NH3 (g)	Δ_rG°(635 K) = 20.084 ± 0.157 kJ/mol	Schulz 1966, 3rd Law
0.6	1726.4	NH3 (g) → NH3 (aq, undissoc)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -8.475 ± 0.100 kcal/mol	Baud 1909, Vanderzee 1972
0.6	1725.3	(NH4)NO3 (cr,l) → N2 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(293.65 K) = -49.44 ± 0.06 kcal/mol	Becker 1934
0.5	1728.5	[NH4]+ (aq) → NH3 (aq, undissoc) + H+ (aq)	Δ_rG°(298.15 K) = 52.732 ± 0.050 kJ/mol	Everett 1954, Olofsson 1975a, as quoted by CODATA Key Vals
0.5	1731.3	N2 (g) + 3 H2O (cr,l) + 2 H+ (aq) → 3/2 O2 (g) + 2 [NH4]+ (aq)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 141.226 ± 0.239 kcal/mol	Becker 1934, as quoted by CODATA Key Vals

Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the Δ_fH° of NH4OH (aq)

Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances.
The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.

Correlation Coefficent (%)	Species Name	Formula	Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units	Relative Molecular Mass	ATcT ID
96.0	Ammonium hydroxide	NH4OH (aq, undissoc)		-366.688	± 0.059	kJ/mol	35.04584 ± 0.00047	1336-21-6*1000
93.2	Ammonia	NH3 (aq)		-77.033	± 0.056	kJ/mol	17.03056 ± 0.00022	7664-41-7*800
93.0	Ammonium	[NH4]+ (aq)		-133.076	± 0.056	kJ/mol	18.03795 ± 0.00029	14798-03-9*800
88.8	Ammonia	NH3 (aq, undissoc)		-80.884	± 0.053	kJ/mol	17.03056 ± 0.00022	7664-41-7*1000
81.8	Ammonium chloride	(NH4)Cl (cr)	-311.555	-314.717	± 0.062	kJ/mol	53.49120 ± 0.00095	12125-02-9*510
46.2	Azanylium	[NH3]+ (g)	944.273	937.319	± 0.029	kJ/mol	17.03001 ± 0.00022	19496-55-0*0
46.2	Ammonia	NH3 (g)	-38.564	-45.556	± 0.029	kJ/mol	17.03056 ± 0.00022	7664-41-7*0
42.0	Hydroxyde	[OH]- (aq)		-229.761	± 0.023	kJ/mol	17.00789 ± 0.00031	14280-30-9*800
41.7	Water	H2O (l)		-285.804	± 0.022	kJ/mol	18.01528 ± 0.00033	7732-18-5*590
41.7	Water	H2O (l, eq.press.)		-285.806	± 0.022	kJ/mol	18.01528 ± 0.00033	7732-18-5*589

Most Influential reactions involving NH4OH (aq)

Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.

Influence Coefficient	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
1.000	1783.1	NH3 (aq) + H2O (cr,l) → NH4OH (aq)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 0 ± 0 cm-1	triv
1.000	1739.1	NH4OH (aq, 1000 H2O) → NH4OH (aq)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 3.541 ± 0.40 kJ/mol	NBS Tables 1989, NBS TN270, Parker 1965
1.000	1738.1	NH4OH (aq) → [NH4]+ (aq) + [OH]- (aq)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 0 ± 0 cm-1	triv

References

1		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner, Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004) [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
2		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner, Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21^st Century. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005) [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
3		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network (2024); available at ATcT.anl.gov
4		T. L. Nguyen et al, ongoing studies (2024)
5		B. Ruscic, Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014) [DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
6		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Thermochemistry Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019) [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]

Formula

The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.

Uncertainties

The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [5] and Ruscic and Bross[6]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.000₅ kJ/mol.

Website Functionality Credits

The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.