Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.124 of the Thermochemical Network [3]

This version of ATcT results was generated by additional expansion of version 1.122x [4] to include additional information relevant to the study of thermophysical and thermochemical properties of CH2 and CH3 using nonrigid rotor anharmonic oscillator (NRRAO) partition functions [5], the development and benchmarking of a state-of-the-art computational approach that aims to reproduce total atomization energies of small molecules within 10–15 cm^-1 [6], as well as the study of the reversible reaction C₂H₃ + H₂ ⇌ C₂H₄ + H ⇌ C₂H₅ [7]

Biphenyl

Formula: C6H5C6H5 (g)

CAS RN: 92-52-4

ATcT ID: 92-52-4*0

SMILES: c1ccccc1c2ccccc2

InChI: InChI=1S/C12H10/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H

InChIKey: ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hills Formula: C12H10

2D Image:

Aliases: C6H5C6H5; Biphenyl; 1,1'-Biphenyl; Bibenzene; Diphenyl; Phenylbenzene; 1,1'-Diphenyl; Lemonene; Phenador-X; PhPh; Xenene; Carolid AL; Tetrosin LY; NSC 14916; 1,1-Biphenyl; (C6H5)2

Relative Molecular Mass: 154.2078 ± 0.0096

Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units
207.1	178.9	± 1.1	kJ/mol

3D Image of C6H5C6H5 (g)

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Top contributors to the provenance of Δ_fH° of C6H5C6H5 (g)

The 8 contributors listed below account for 90.8% of the provenance of Δ_fH° of C6H5C6H5 (g).

Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Contribution (%)	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
42.1	7953.4	C6H5C6H5 (cr,l) + 29/2 O2 (g) → 12 CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1493.38 ± 0.37 kcal/mol	Parks 1951
23.5	7953.1	C6H5C6H5 (cr,l) + 29/2 O2 (g) → 12 CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -6247.89 ± 2.07 kJ/mol	Montgomery 1978
6.9	7953.2	C6H5C6H5 (cr,l) + 29/2 O2 (g) → 12 CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1494.20 ± 0.33 (×2.768) kcal/mol	Coleman 1966
6.2	7953.3	C6H5C6H5 (cr,l) + 29/2 O2 (g) → 12 CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1493.29 ± 0.96 kcal/mol	Mackle 1963
3.7	7955.1	C6H5C6H5 (cr) → C6H5C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 81.52 ± 0.32 kJ/mol	Chirico 1989, note unc
3.0	7952.2	C6H5C6H5 (g) + 2 CH3 (g) → 2 C6H5 (g) + CH3CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 31.81 ± 1.3 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
2.5	7953.6	C6H5C6H5 (cr,l) + 29/2 O2 (g) → 12 CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1493.4 ± 1.5 kcal/mol	Stohmann 1889a, Montgomery 1978
2.5	7953.5	C6H5C6H5 (cr,l) + 29/2 O2 (g) → 12 CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1493.4 ± 1.5 kcal/mol	Brull 1935, Cox 1970

Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the Δ_fH° of C6H5C6H5 (g)

Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances.
The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.

Correlation Coefficent (%)	Species Name	Formula	Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units	Relative Molecular Mass	ATcT ID
96.9	Biphenyl	C6H5C6H5 (cr)	121.7	97.3	± 1.1	kJ/mol	154.2078 ± 0.0096	92-52-4*520
96.9	Biphenyl	C6H5C6H5 (cr,l)	121.7	97.3	± 1.1	kJ/mol	154.2078 ± 0.0096	92-52-4*500
96.9	Biphenyl	C6H5C6H5 (l)		113.9	± 1.1	kJ/mol	154.2078 ± 0.0096	92-52-4*590
15.6	Carbonic acid	C(O)(OH)2 (aq, undissoc)		-698.991	± 0.030	kJ/mol	62.0248 ± 0.0012	463-79-6*1000
14.8	Carbon dioxide	CO2 (g)	-393.110	-393.476	± 0.015	kJ/mol	44.00950 ± 0.00100	124-38-9*0
14.6	Carbon dioxide cation	[CO2]+ (g)	936.091	936.926	± 0.017	kJ/mol	44.00895 ± 0.00100	12181-61-2*0
13.5	Benzoic acid	C6H5C(O)OH (cr,l)	-367.30	-384.72	± 0.17	kJ/mol	122.1213 ± 0.0056	65-85-0*500
13.2	Succinic acid	(CH2C(O)OH)2 (cr,l)	-918.47	-940.19	± 0.12	kJ/mol	118.0880 ± 0.0034	110-15-6*500
12.4	Phenyl	C6H5 (g)	352.15	338.79	± 0.63	kJ/mol	77.1039 ± 0.0048	2396-01-2*0
11.7	Benzoic acid	C6H5C(O)OH (g)	-274.30	-294.10	± 0.19	kJ/mol	122.1213 ± 0.0056	65-85-0*0

Most Influential reactions involving C6H5C6H5 (g)

Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.

Influence Coefficient	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
0.715	7955.1	C6H5C6H5 (cr) → C6H5C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 81.52 ± 0.32 kJ/mol	Chirico 1989, note unc
0.129	7955.5	C6H5C6H5 (cr) → C6H5C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 19.54 ± 0.18 kcal/mol	Morawetz 1972, note unc
0.082	7952.2	C6H5C6H5 (g) + 2 CH3 (g) → 2 C6H5 (g) + CH3CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 31.81 ± 1.3 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.079	7955.3	C6H5C6H5 (cr) → C6H5C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(301 K) = 82.5 ± 0.9 (×1.067) kJ/mol	Bradley 1953b, Roux 2008
0.054	7951.2	C6H5C6H5 (g) → 2 C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 118.54 ± 1.60 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.043	7954.1	C6H5C6H5 (l) → C6H5C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 64.9 ± 1.3 kJ/mol	Chirico 1989
0.016	7955.2	C6H5C6H5 (cr) → C6H5C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(311 K) = 83.3 ± 1.0 (×2.134) kJ/mol	Sasse 1989, Roux 2008
0.014	7951.1	C6H5C6H5 (g) → 2 C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 121.95 ± 1.72 (×1.834) kcal/mol	Ruscic G3X
0.007	7955.4	C6H5C6H5 (cr) → C6H5C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(319 K) = 80.37 ± 3.20 kJ/mol	Clark 1975, note unc
0.006	7952.1	C6H5C6H5 (g) + 2 CH3 (g) → 2 C6H5 (g) + CH3CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 35.42 ± 1.4 (×3.292) kcal/mol	Ruscic G3X
0.006	7952.3	C6H5C6H5 (g) + 2 CH3 (g) → 2 C6H5 (g) + CH3CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 35.61 ± 1.6 (×3.018) kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.005	7951.3	C6H5C6H5 (g) → 2 C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 124.07 ± 2.16 (×2.43) kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.004	7955.8	C6H5C6H5 (cr) → C6H5C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 82.9 ± 4 kJ/mol	Chickos 1988, est unc
0.004	7952.4	C6H5C6H5 (g) + 2 CH3 (g) → 2 C6H5 (g) + CH3CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 36.51 ± 1.3 (×4.362) kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.003	7951.4	C6H5C6H5 (g) → 2 C6H5 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 124.75 ± 1.60 (×3.748) kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n

References

1		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner, Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004) [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
2		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner, Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21^st Century. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005) [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
3		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.124 of the Thermochemical Network, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 2022; available at ATcT.anl.gov [DOI: 10.17038/CSE/1885923]
4		Y. Ren, L. Zhou, A. Mellouki, V. Daële, M. Idir, S. S. Brown, B. Ruscic, Robert S. Paton, M. R. McGillen, and A. R. Ravishankara, Reactions of NO3 with Aromatic Aldehydes: Gas-Phase Kinetics and Insights into the Mechanism of the Reaction. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 21, 13537-13551 (2021) [DOI: 10.5194/acp2021-228]
5		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Active Thermochemical Tables: The Thermophysical and Thermochemical Properties of Methyl, CH3, and Methylene, CH2, Corrected for Nonrigid Rotor and Anharmonic Oscillator Effects. Mol. Phys. e1969046 (2021) [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1969046]
6		J. H. Thorpe, J. L. Kilburn, D. Feller, P. B. Changala, D. H. Bross, B. Ruscic, and J. F. Stanton, Elaborated Thermochemical Treatment of HF, CO, N2, and H2O: Insight into HEAT and Its Extensions J. Chem. Phys. 155, 184109 (2021) [DOI: 10.1063/5.0069322]
7		T. L. Nguyen, D. H. Bross, B. Ruscic, G. B. Ellison, and J. F. Stanton, Mechanism, Thermochemistry, and Kinetics of the Reversible Reactions: C2H3 + H2 ⇌ C2H4 + H ⇌ C2H5. Faraday Discuss. , (Advance Article) (2022) [DOI: 10.1039/D1FD00124H]
8		B. Ruscic, Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014) [DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
9		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Thermochemistry Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019) [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]

Formula

The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.

Uncertainties

The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [8,9]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.000₅ kJ/mol.

Website Functionality Credits

The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.