Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network [3]

This version of ATcT results[3] was generated by additional expansion of version 1.172 to include species related to Criegee intermediates that are involved in several ongoing studies[4].

Formic acid

Formula: HC(O)OH (g, syn)
CAS RN: 64-18-6
ATcT ID: 64-18-6*1
SMILES: C(=O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
InChIKey: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Hills Formula: C1H2O2

2D Image:

C(=O)O
Aliases: HC(O)OH; Formic acid; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Methanoic acid; HCOOH; OCHOH; O=CH-OH; H(C=O)OH; Formylic acid; Aminic acid
Relative Molecular Mass: 46.0254 ± 0.0010

   ΔfH°(0 K)   ΔfH°(298.15 K)UncertaintyUnits
-371.03-378.35± 0.21kJ/mol

3D Image of HC(O)OH (g, syn)

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Top contributors to the provenance of ΔfH° of HC(O)OH (g, syn)

The 20 contributors listed below account only for 64.3% of the provenance of ΔfH° of HC(O)OH (g, syn).
A total of 226 contributors would be needed to account for 90% of the provenance.

Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Contribution
(%)
TN
ID
Reaction Measured Quantity Reference
16.34751.2 HC(O)OH (cr,l) + 1/2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) H2O (cr,l) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -60.807 ± 0.074 kcal/molLebedeva 1964
11.34751.1 HC(O)OH (cr,l) + 1/2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) H2O (cr,l) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -60.851 ± 0.089 kcal/molSinke 1959
10.84752.1 HC(O)OH (cr,l) → HC(O)OH (g) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = 46.30 ± 0.23 kJ/molMajer 1985
3.83107.2 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → [HCO]+ (g) OH (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 12.81 ± 0.01 eVTraeger 1985, AE corr
3.64750.2 HC(O)OH (g) → [HCO]+ (g) OH (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 1235.7 ± 1.0 kJ/molShuman 2010a, Bomble 2006
3.54752.2 HC(O)OH (cr,l) → HC(O)OH (g) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = 46.15 ± 0.40 kJ/molNBS Tables 1989
2.54726.3 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → C (g) + 2 H (g) + 2 O (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 479.81 ± 0.30 kcal/molKarton 2011
2.24752.3 HC(O)OH (cr,l) → HC(O)OH (g) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = 46.3 ± 0.5 kJ/molKonicek 1970
1.53137.6 C(O)(OH)2 (g, cis-cis) CH2O (g) → 2 HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = -34.26 ± 2.0 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
1.44725.10 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → C (g) + 2 H (g) + 2 O (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 480.1 ± 0.4 kcal/molFeller 2003c
1.04806.11 CH2(OO) (g) → HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = -90.89 ± 0.25 kcal/molKarton 2011
1.04902.14 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → [HOCO]+ (g) H (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 1187.3 ± 1.0 kJ/molShuman 2010a
0.94740.1 CH4 (g) + 2 H2O (g) → HC(O)OH (g, syn) + 3 H2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 173.33 ± 2.00 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.74726.2 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → C (g) + 2 H (g) + 2 O (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 479.82 ± 0.56 kcal/molKarton 2011
0.64902.2 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → [HOCO]+ (g) H (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 12.316 ± 0.013 eVRuscic 1989
0.54798.11 CH2(OO) (g) → C (g) + 2 H (g) + 2 O (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 388.92 ± 0.30 kcal/molKarton 2011
0.53138.11 C(O)(OH)2 (g, cis-cis) → CO2 (g) H2O (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -30.14 ± 2.0 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.43132.1 CH4 (g) + 3 H2O (g) → C(O)(OH)2 (g, cis-cis) + 4 H2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 181.13 ± 2.0 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.43137.5 C(O)(OH)2 (g, cis-cis) CH2O (g) → 2 HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = -8.03 ± 0.85 kcal/molRuscic W1RO
0.43107.1 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → [HCO]+ (g) OH (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 12.84 ± 0.03 eVMatthews 1969, AE corr

Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the ΔfH° of HC(O)OH (g, syn)

Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances.
The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.


Correlation
Coefficent
(%)
Species Name Formula Image    ΔfH°(0 K)    ΔfH°(298.15 K) Uncertainty Units Relative
Molecular
Mass
ATcT ID
100.0 Formic acidHC(O)OH (g)C(=O)O-371.03-378.33± 0.21kJ/mol46.0254 ±
0.0010
64-18-6*0
83.5 Formic acid cation[HC(O)OH]+ (g, syn)[CH+](=O)O721.94714.86± 0.25kJ/mol46.0248 ±
0.0010
50614-05-6*1
83.5 Formic acid cation[HC(O)OH]+ (g)[CH+](=O)O721.94715.41± 0.25kJ/mol46.0248 ±
0.0010
50614-05-6*0
65.8 Formic acidHC(O)OH (cr,l)C(=O)O-431.50-424.67± 0.20kJ/mol46.0254 ±
0.0010
64-18-6*500
51.8 Formic acidHC(O)OH (g, anti)C(=O)O-354.70-361.80± 0.37kJ/mol46.0254 ±
0.0010
64-18-6*2
28.8 Formic acidHC(O)OH (aq, undissoc)C(=O)O-425.38± 0.45kJ/mol46.0254 ±
0.0010
64-18-6*1000
28.8 Formic acidHC(O)OH (aq)C(=O)O-425.48± 0.45kJ/mol46.0254 ±
0.0010
64-18-6*800
28.8 Formate[HC(O)O]- (aq)C(=O)[O-]-425.48± 0.45kJ/mol45.0180 ±
0.0010
71-47-6*800
27.5 Carbonic acidC(O)(OH)2 (g, cis-cis)OC(=O)O-602.29-612.46± 0.55kJ/mol62.0248 ±
0.0012
463-79-6*1
27.5 Carbonic acidC(O)(OH)2 (g)OC(=O)O-602.29-611.60± 0.55kJ/mol62.0248 ±
0.0012
463-79-6*0

Most Influential reactions involving HC(O)OH (g, syn)

Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.

Influence
Coefficient
TN
ID
Reaction Measured Quantity Reference
1.0004741.1 HC(O)OH (g) → HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = 0.000 ± 0.000 cm-1triv, Gurvich TPIS, Ruscic G3B3
0.7744744.1 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → HC(O)OH (g, anti) ΔrH°(0 K) = 1365 ± 30 cm-1Hocking 1976, Gurvich TPIS
0.4784728.2 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → [HC(O)OH]+ (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = 11.329 ± 0.002 eVBell 1975
0.3114728.1 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → [HC(O)OH]+ (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = 91370 ± 20 cm-1Price 1937, est unc
0.2474806.11 CH2(OO) (g) → HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = -90.89 ± 0.25 kcal/molKarton 2011
0.1854902.14 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → [HOCO]+ (g) H (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 1187.3 ± 1.0 kJ/molShuman 2010a
0.1694728.8 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → [HC(O)OH]+ (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = 11.3246 ± 0.0020 (×1.682) eVLeach 2003, Schwell 2001
0.1435289.6 CH3C(O)OH (g, syn) HOCO (g, trans) → CH3C(O)O (g, 2A") HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = 45.92 ± 2.00 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.1334733.8 [HC(O)OH]- (g, syn) → HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = -1.204 ± 0.050 eVRuscic W1RO
0.1174902.2 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → [HOCO]+ (g) H (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 12.316 ± 0.013 eVRuscic 1989
0.1103148.6 HC(O)OOH (g, cis) CH3OH (g) → HC(O)OH (g, syn) CH3OOH (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -16.39 ± 2.0 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.0983147.6 HC(O)OOH (g, cis) H2O (g) → HC(O)OH (g, syn) HOOH (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 17.86 ± 2.0 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.0964806.10 CH2(OO) (g) → HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = -91.10 ± 0.40 kcal/molKarton 2011
0.0955274.8 HC(O)OCH3 (g, syn) HOCO (g, trans) → CH3OCO (g, anti-staggered) HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = 1.11 ± 0.85 kcal/molRuscic W1RO
0.0924730.5 HC(O)OH (g, syn) → [HC(O)OH]+ (g, anti) ΔrH°(0 K) = 11.362 ± 0.040 eVRuscic W1RO
0.0894733.4 [HC(O)OH]- (g, syn) → HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = -1.175 ± 0.061 eVRuscic G4
0.0855274.4 HC(O)OCH3 (g, syn) HOCO (g, trans) → CH3OCO (g, anti-staggered) HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = 0.74 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic G4
0.0855274.7 HC(O)OCH3 (g, syn) HOCO (g, trans) → CH3OCO (g, anti-staggered) HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = 1.21 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic CBS-n
0.0855274.3 HC(O)OCH3 (g, syn) HOCO (g, trans) → CH3OCO (g, anti-staggered) HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = 1.05 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic G3X
0.0853137.6 C(O)(OH)2 (g, cis-cis) CH2O (g) → 2 HC(O)OH (g, syn) ΔrH°(0 K) = -34.26 ± 2.0 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017


References
1   B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner,
Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited.
J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004) [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
2   B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner,
Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21st Century.
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005) [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
3   B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross,
Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network (2024); available at ATcT.anl.gov
4   T. L. Nguyen et al, ongoing studies (2024)
5   B. Ruscic,
Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables.
Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014) [DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
6   B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross,
Thermochemistry
Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019) [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]

Formula
The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.

Uncertainties
The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [5] and Ruscic and Bross[6]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.0005 kJ/mol.

Website Functionality Credits
The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.

Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.