Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network [3]

This version of ATcT results[3] was generated by additional expansion of version 1.172 to include species related to Criegee intermediates that are involved in several ongoing studies[4].

Silane

Formula: SiH4 (g)

CAS RN: 7803-62-5

ATcT ID: 7803-62-5*0

SMILES: [SiH4]

InChI: InChI=1S/H4Si/h1H4

InChIKey: BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hills Formula: H4Si1

2D Image:

Aliases: SiH4; Silane; Monosilane; Silicane; Silicon hydride; Silicon tetrahydride; Flots 100SCO; M 812

Relative Molecular Mass: 32.11726 ± 0.00041

Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units
42.66	33.04	± 0.63	kJ/mol

3D Image of SiH4 (g)

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Top contributors to the provenance of Δ_fH° of SiH4 (g)

The 20 contributors listed below account only for 73.4% of the provenance of Δ_fH° of SiH4 (g).
A total of 51 contributors would be needed to account for 90% of the provenance.

Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Contribution (%)	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
12.1	8538.1	Si (cr,l) + 2 F2 (g) → SiF4 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -385.98 ± 0.19 kcal/mol	Wise 1963, Wise 1963, Wise 1962
8.8	8595.1	SiH4 (g) → Si (cr,l) + 2 H2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -8.3 ± 0.5 kcal/mol	Gunn 1961, Gurvich TPIS, est unc
8.3	8631.1	SiH3SiH3 (g) → 2 Si (cr,l) + 3 H2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -19.1 ± 0.6 (×1.61) kcal/mol	Gunn 1961, est unc
5.5	8481.2	Si (cr,l) → Si (g)	Δ_rG°(1525 K) = 231.1 ± 2.0 kJ/mol	Batdorf 1959, 3rd Law
4.8	546.1	SiF4 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l) → Si (cr,l) + O2 (g) + 4 HF (aq, 5 H2O)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 899.77 ± 1.20 kJ/mol	Paulechka 2020, Vorobev 1960, Hummel 1959, Johnson 1987, Good 1964, Good 1964, Johnson 1973
3.6	8516.6	SiO2 (cr,l) + Si (cr,l) → 2 SiO (g)	Δ_rG°(1618 K) = 37.94 ± 0.29 kcal/mol	Ramstad 1961, 3rd Law, Gurvich TPIS
3.3	8538.3	Si (cr,l) + 2 F2 (g) → SiF4 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1615.78 ± 0.46 (×3.292) kJ/mol	Johnson 1986, Johnson 1986
3.1	8628.8	SiH3SiH3 (g) → 2 Si (g) + 6 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 503.09 ± 0.30 kcal/mol	Karton 2011, Karton 2007b
2.9	8508.5	SiO (g) → Si (g) + O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 189.99 ± 0.30 kcal/mol	Feller 2008
2.9	8508.10	SiO (g) → Si (g) + O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 190.23 ± 0.30 kcal/mol	Karton 2011
2.6	8499.1	Si (cr,l) + O2 (g) → SiO2 (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -217.58 ± 0.35 (×1.164) kcal/mol	Good 1964, Good 1964, Good 1962, King 1951
2.3	8535.8	SiF4 (g) → Si (g) + 4 F (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 565.92 ± 0.30 kcal/mol	Karton 2011
2.1	8481.3	Si (cr,l) → Si (g)	Δ_rH°(1932 K) = 393.1 ± 2.5 (×1.297) kJ/mol	Drowart 1960, 2nd Law, Gurvich TPIS
2.0	8592.9	SiH4 (g) → Si (g) + 4 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 304.03 ± 0.25 kcal/mol	Karton 2006
1.6	8508.9	SiO (g) → Si (g) + O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 190.42 ± 0.40 kcal/mol	Karton 2011
1.4	8592.8	SiH4 (g) → Si (g) + 4 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 303.98 ± 0.30 kcal/mol	Karton 2007b
1.4	8592.7	SiH4 (g) → Si (g) + 4 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 303.93 ± 0.30 kcal/mol	Karton 2011, Karton 2007b
1.3	8535.7	SiF4 (g) → Si (g) + 4 F (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 566.39 ± 0.40 kcal/mol	Karton 2011
1.3	8580.7	SiF4 (g) → SiF (g, doublet) + 3 F (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 425.42 ± 0.25 kcal/mol	Karton 2007b
1.2	8481.6	Si (cr,l) → Si (g)	Δ_rG°(1850 K) = 44.05 ± 0.50 (×2.044) kcal/mol	Grieveson 1960, 3rd Law, est unc

Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the Δ_fH° of SiH4 (g)

Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances.
The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.

Correlation Coefficent (%)	Species Name	Formula	Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units	Relative Molecular Mass	ATcT ID
94.3	Disilane	SiH3SiH3 (g)	92.0	75.9	± 1.3	kJ/mol	62.21864 ± 0.00073	1590-87-0*0
85.4	Silicon	Si (g)	450.34	454.68	± 0.56	kJ/mol	28.08550 ± 0.00030	7440-21-3*0
85.4	Silicon anion	Si- (g)	316.28	319.26	± 0.56	kJ/mol	28.08605 ± 0.00030	14337-02-1*0
85.4	Silicon cation	Si+ (g)	1236.86	1240.99	± 0.56	kJ/mol	28.08495 ± 0.00030	14067-07-3*0
85.4	Silicon atom dication	[Si]+2 (g)	2814.00	2816.98	± 0.56	kJ/mol	28.08440 ± 0.00030	14175-55-4*0
85.4	Silicon atom trication	[Si]+3 (g)	6045.58	6048.56	± 0.56	kJ/mol	28.08385 ± 0.00030	14175-56-5*0
85.4	Silicon atom tetracation	[Si]+4 (g)	10401.10	10404.08	± 0.56	kJ/mol	28.08331 ± 0.00030	22537-24-2*0
77.6	Disilanyl	SiH3SiH2 (g)	242.4	230.4	± 1.5	kJ/mol	61.21070 ± 0.00069	73151-72-1*0
73.3	Silyl	SiH3 (g)	204.71	199.23	± 0.80	kJ/mol	31.10932 ± 0.00037	13765-44-1*0
72.4	Fluorosilane	SiH3F (g)	-346.20	-355.59	± 0.72	kJ/mol	50.10772 ± 0.00037	13537-33-2*0

Most Influential reactions involving SiH4 (g)

Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.

Influence Coefficient	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
0.586	8593.1	SiH4 (g) → [SiH4]+ (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 11.00 ± 0.02 eV	Berkowitz 1987a
0.561	8620.1	SiH4 (g) → [SiH2]+ (g) + H2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 11.54 ± 0.01 eV	Berkowitz 1987a
0.508	8741.7	4 SiH3F (g) → SiF4 (g) + 3 SiH4 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -22.99 ± 0.65 kcal/mol	Karton 2011
0.360	8730.1	CH3SiH2CH3 (g) + SiH4 (g) → 2 CH3SiH3 (g)	Δ_rG°(333 K) = -0.06 ± 1.38 kJ/mol	Russell 1959, Doncaster 1986, 3rd Law, est unc
0.256	8723.4	CH3Si(O)CH3 (g) + 2 SiH4 (g) → 2 CH3SiH3 (g) + SiH2O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 9.20 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.252	8635.7	SiH3SiH3 (g) + 2 CH4 (g) → CH3CH3 (g) + 2 SiH4 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 13.99 ± 0.2 kcal/mol	Karton 2011, Karton 2007b
0.246	8632.8	SiH3SiH3 (g) + H2 (g) → 2 SiH4 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -1.47 ± 0.2 kcal/mol	Karton 2011, Karton 2007b
0.239	8653.4	SiH3SiH3 (g) + [SiH3]- (g) → [SiH3SiH2]- (g) + SiH4 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -13.13 ± 0.8 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.228	8721.4	2 SiH2O (g) → SiH4 (g) + SiO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -11.38 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.208	8723.2	CH3Si(O)CH3 (g) + 2 SiH4 (g) → 2 CH3SiH3 (g) + SiH2O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 9.26 ± 1.0 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.191	8606.1	SiH4 (g) + CN (g) → SiH3 (g) + HCN (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -34.60 ± 0.30 kcal/mol	Burke 2021
0.185	8721.2	2 SiH2O (g) → SiH4 (g) + SiO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -11.06 ± 1.0 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.178	8581.5	SiH4 (g) + 4 SiF (g, doublet) → SiF4 (g) + 4 SiH (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 17.46 ± 1.00 kcal/mol	Karton 2007b
0.171	8723.1	CH3Si(O)CH3 (g) + 2 SiH4 (g) → 2 CH3SiH3 (g) + SiH2O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 9.71 ± 1.1 kcal/mol	Ruscic G3X
0.160	8812.4	(CH3)3SiO (g) + SiH4 (g) → SiH3O (g) + SiH(CH3)3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 6.11 ± 0.85 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.153	8653.2	SiH3SiH3 (g) + [SiH3]- (g) → [SiH3SiH2]- (g) + SiH4 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -13.56 ± 1.0 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.153	8721.1	2 SiH2O (g) → SiH4 (g) + SiO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -11.78 ± 1.1 kcal/mol	Ruscic G3X
0.150	8806.4	(CH3)3SiOH (g) + SiH4 (g) → SiH3OH (g) + SiH(CH3)3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 5.81 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.146	8593.5	SiH4 (g) → [SiH4]+ (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 11.004 ± 0.040 eV	Ruscic W1RO
0.145	8728.4	SiH3OSiH3 (g) + 2 H2 (g) → 2 SiH4 (g) + H2O (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 41.19 ± 1.2 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO

References

1		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner, Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004) [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
2		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner, Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21^st Century. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005) [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
3		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network (2024); available at ATcT.anl.gov
4		T. L. Nguyen et al, ongoing studies (2024)
5		B. Ruscic, Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014) [DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
6		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Thermochemistry Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019) [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]

Formula

The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.

Uncertainties

The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [5] and Ruscic and Bross[6]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.000₅ kJ/mol.

Website Functionality Credits

The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.