Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network [3]

This version of ATcT results[3] was generated by additional expansion of version 1.172 to include species related to Criegee intermediates that are involved in several ongoing studies[4].

Isobutene

Formula: CH2C(CH3)2 (g)
CAS RN: 115-11-7
ATcT ID: 115-11-7*0
SMILES: CC(=C)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8/c1-4(2)3/h1H2,2-3H3
InChIKey: VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Hills Formula: C4H8

2D Image:

CC(=C)C
Aliases: CH2C(CH3)2; Isobutene; 2-Methyl-1-propene; gamma-Butylene; 1,1-Dimethylethene; 1,1-Dimethylethylene; 2-Methyl-2-propene; 2-Methylpropene; 2-Methylpropylene; i-Butene; iso-Butene; Isobutylene; Isopropylidenemethylene; i-C4H8; (CH3)2CCH2; CH2=C(CH3)2; (CH3)2C=CH2
Relative Molecular Mass: 56.1063 ± 0.0032

   ΔfH°(0 K)   ΔfH°(298.15 K)UncertaintyUnits
4.29-16.77± 0.32kJ/mol

3D Image of CH2C(CH3)2 (g)

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Top contributors to the provenance of ΔfH° of CH2C(CH3)2 (g)

The 20 contributors listed below account only for 62.3% of the provenance of ΔfH° of CH2C(CH3)2 (g).
A total of 232 contributors would be needed to account for 90% of the provenance.

Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Contribution
(%)
TN
ID
Reaction Measured Quantity Reference
24.63761.1 CH2C(CH3)2 (g) H2 (g) → CH(CH3)3 (g) ΔrH°(355.15 K) = -28.411 ± 0.060 kcal/molKistiakowsky 1935a
7.03760.1 CH2C(CH3)2 (g) + 6 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (cr,l) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -645.18 ± 0.25 kcal/molProsen 1951
6.23700.1 CH(CH3)3 (g) + 13/2 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (cr,l) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -2868.98 ± 0.59 kJ/molPittam 1972
2.63700.2 CH(CH3)3 (g) + 13/2 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (cr,l) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -685.36 ± 0.11 (×1.957) kcal/molProsen 1951
2.33702.2 CH(CH3)3 (g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = 8.59 ± 0.79 kJ/molProsen 1951
2.2125.2 1/2 O2 (g) H2 (g) → H2O (cr,l) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -285.8261 ± 0.040 kJ/molRossini 1939, Rossini 1931, Rossini 1931b, note H2Oa, Rossini 1930
2.03702.5 CH(CH3)3 (g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) ΔrH°(380 K) = 2.32 ± 0.20 kcal/molPines 1945, 2nd Law
1.93702.1 CH(CH3)3 (g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = 8.54 ± 0.86 kJ/molPittam 1972
1.92375.1 H2 (g) C (graphite) → CH4 (g) ΔrG°(1165 K) = 37.521 ± 0.068 kJ/molSmith 1946, note COf, 3rd Law
1.83759.1 CH4 (g) → CH2C(CH3)2 (g) + 4 H2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 270.66 ± 2.00 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
1.43769.6 CH3CHCHCH3 (g, trans) → CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -5.11 ± 2.00 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
1.43702.6 CH(CH3)3 (g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) ΔrG°(380 K) = 0.70 ± 0.24 kcal/molPines 1945, 3rd Law
1.43785.6 CH2CHCH2CH3 (g) → CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -16.85 ± 2.00 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.93931.1 CH3CH2CH(CH3)2 (g) CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH(CH3)3 (g) CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -0.48 ± 0.31 kcal/molProsen 1945
0.93758.6 CH2C(CH3)2 (g) → 4 C (g) + 8 H (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 1091.9 ± 0.7 kcal/molBakowies 2020
0.72228.7 C (graphite) O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -393.464 ± 0.024 kJ/molHawtin 1966, note CO2e
0.63762.6 CH2C(CH3)2 (g) CH2CH2 (g) → 2 CH3CHCH2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 1.1 ± 0.7 kcal/molBakowies 2020
0.53699.1 CH4 (g) → CH(CH3)3 (g) + 3 H2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 160.33 ± 2.00 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.58986.6 CH2C(CH3)2 (g) → CH3C(CH3)CH (g) H (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 463.81 ± 2.0 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.53701.8 CH(CH3)3 (g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 1.68 ± 0.40 kcal/molKarton 2009b

Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the ΔfH° of CH2C(CH3)2 (g)

Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances.
The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.


Correlation
Coefficent
(%)
Species Name Formula Image    ΔfH°(0 K)    ΔfH°(298.15 K) Uncertainty Units Relative
Molecular
Mass
ATcT ID
70.8 iso-ButaneCH(CH3)3 (g)CC(C)C-105.89-134.49± 0.27kJ/mol58.1222 ±
0.0033
75-28-5*0
36.9 n-ButaneCH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)CCCC-98.25-125.56± 0.18kJ/mol58.1222 ±
0.0033
106-97-8*0
32.2 PropaneCH3CH2CH3 (g)CCC-82.73-105.01± 0.15kJ/mol44.0956 ±
0.0025
74-98-6*0
29.9 Carbonic acidC(O)(OH)2 (aq, undissoc)OC(=O)O-698.673± 0.028kJ/mol62.0248 ±
0.0012
463-79-6*1000
27.7 WaterH2O (cr, l, eq.press.)O-286.278-285.806± 0.022kJ/mol18.01528 ±
0.00033
7732-18-5*499
27.7 WaterH2O (l, eq.press.)O-285.806± 0.022kJ/mol18.01528 ±
0.00033
7732-18-5*589
27.7 Oxonium[H3O]+ (aq)[OH3+]-285.804± 0.022kJ/mol19.02267 ±
0.00037
13968-08-6*800
27.7 WaterH2O (l)O-285.804± 0.022kJ/mol18.01528 ±
0.00033
7732-18-5*590
27.7 WaterH2O (cr,l)O-286.276-285.804± 0.022kJ/mol18.01528 ±
0.00033
7732-18-5*500
27.7 WaterH2O (g)O-238.907-241.810± 0.022kJ/mol18.01528 ±
0.00033
7732-18-5*0

Most Influential reactions involving CH2C(CH3)2 (g)

Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.

Influence
Coefficient
TN
ID
Reaction Measured Quantity Reference
0.7923761.1 CH2C(CH3)2 (g) H2 (g) → CH(CH3)3 (g) ΔrH°(355.15 K) = -28.411 ± 0.060 kcal/molKistiakowsky 1935a
0.1548987.6 CH3C(CH3)CH (g) CH3CHCH2 (g) → CH2C(CH3)2 (g) CH3CHCH (g, cis) ΔrH°(0 K) = -3.83 ± 2.0 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.1278986.6 CH2C(CH3)2 (g) → CH3C(CH3)CH (g) H (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 463.81 ± 2.0 kJ/molKlippenstein 2017
0.0967667.5 CH3C(CO)CH3 (g) CH2CCH2 (g) → CH2CCO (g) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 3.01 ± 0.85 kcal/molRuscic W1RO
0.0947668.5 CH3C(CO)CH3 (g) CH2CH2 (g) → CH2CO (g) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -7.17 ± 0.85 kcal/molRuscic W1RO
0.0857667.4 CH3C(CO)CH3 (g) CH2CCH2 (g) → CH2CCO (g) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 2.85 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic CBS-n
0.0857667.1 CH3C(CO)CH3 (g) CH2CCH2 (g) → CH2CCO (g) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 2.87 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic G3X
0.0857667.2 CH3C(CO)CH3 (g) CH2CCH2 (g) → CH2CCO (g) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 2.85 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic G4
0.0847668.1 CH3C(CO)CH3 (g) CH2CH2 (g) → CH2CO (g) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -6.75 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic G3X
0.0847668.2 CH3C(CO)CH3 (g) CH2CH2 (g) → CH2CO (g) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -6.86 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic G4
0.0847668.4 CH3C(CO)CH3 (g) CH2CH2 (g) → CH2CO (g) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -6.85 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic CBS-n
0.0793760.1 CH2C(CH3)2 (g) + 6 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (cr,l) ΔrH°(298.15 K) = -645.18 ± 0.25 kcal/molProsen 1951
0.0737652.5 CH3C(O)CHCH2 (g, trans) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) → CH3C(O)CH3 (g) CH2C(CH3)CHCH2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -2.95 ± 0.85 kcal/molRuscic W1RO
0.0697667.3 CH3C(CO)CH3 (g) CH2CCH2 (g) → CH2CCO (g) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = 3.21 ± 1.00 kcal/molRuscic CBS-n
0.0687668.3 CH3C(CO)CH3 (g) CH2CH2 (g) → CH2CO (g) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -6.48 ± 1.00 kcal/molRuscic CBS-n
0.0657652.2 CH3C(O)CHCH2 (g, trans) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) → CH3C(O)CH3 (g) CH2C(CH3)CHCH2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -2.96 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic G4
0.0657652.1 CH3C(O)CHCH2 (g, trans) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) → CH3C(O)CH3 (g) CH2C(CH3)CHCH2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -2.87 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic G3X
0.0657652.4 CH3C(O)CHCH2 (g, trans) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) → CH3C(O)CH3 (g) CH2C(CH3)CHCH2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -2.95 ± 0.90 kcal/molRuscic CBS-n
0.0537652.3 CH3C(O)CHCH2 (g, trans) CH2C(CH3)2 (g) → CH3C(O)CH3 (g) CH2C(CH3)CHCH2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -2.86 ± 1.0 kcal/molRuscic CBS-n
0.0498951.5 CH3C(CH2)CH2 (g) CH3CHCH2 (g) → CH2C(CH3)2 (g) CH2CHCH2 (g) ΔrH°(0 K) = -1.62 ± 0.85 kcal/molRuscic W1RO


References
1   B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner,
Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited.
J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004) [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
2   B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner,
Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21st Century.
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005) [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
3   B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross,
Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.176 of the Thermochemical Network (2024); available at ATcT.anl.gov
4   T. L. Nguyen et al, ongoing studies (2024)
5   B. Ruscic,
Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables.
Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014) [DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
6   B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross,
Thermochemistry
Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019) [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]

Formula
The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.

Uncertainties
The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [5] and Ruscic and Bross[6]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.0005 kJ/mol.

Website Functionality Credits
The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.

Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.