Selected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.172 of the Thermochemical Network [3]

This version of ATcT results[3] was generated by additional expansion of version 1.156 to include species relevant to a study of photodissociation of formamide[4].

Cyclobutane

Formula: CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)

CAS RN: 287-23-0

ATcT ID: 287-23-0*0

SMILES: C1CCC1

InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8/c1-2-4-3-1/h1-4H2

InChIKey: PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hills Formula: C4H8

2D Image:

Aliases: CH2(CH2CH2CH2); Cyclobutane; Tetramethylene; cyclo-Butane; cyc-C4H8; c-C4H8; UN 2601

Relative Molecular Mass: 56.1063 ± 0.0032

Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units
52.24	27.70	± 0.36	kJ/mol

3D Image of CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)

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Top contributors to the provenance of Δ_fH° of CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)

The 20 contributors listed below account only for 80.6% of the provenance of Δ_fH° of CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g).
A total of 62 contributors would be needed to account for 90% of the provenance.

Please note: The list is limited to 20 most important contributors or, if less, a number sufficient to account for 90% of the provenance. The Reference acts as a further link to the relevant references and notes for the measurement. The Measured Quantity is normaly given in the original units; in cases where we have reinterpreted the original measurement, the listed value may differ from that given by the authors. The quoted uncertainty is the a priori uncertainty used as input when constructing the initial Thermochemical Network, and corresponds either to the value proposed by the original authors or to our estimate; if an additional multiplier is given in parentheses immediately after the prior uncertainty, it corresponds to the factor by which the prior uncertainty needed to be multiplied during the ATcT analysis in order to make that particular measurement consistent with the prevailing knowledge contained in the Thermochemical Network.

Contribution (%)	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
32.7	3793.1	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) → 2 CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rG°(750 K) = -13.37 ± 0.12 kcal/mol	Quick 1972, 3rd Law, note unc3
20.1	3797.1	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (l) + 6 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -650.33 ± 0.12 kcal/mol	Kaarsemaker 1952, Coops 1950, as quoted by Cox 1970
5.0	3796.1	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (l) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 23.92 ± 0.48 kJ/mol	Majer 1985
4.5	3796.2	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (l) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)	Δ_rH°(285.67 K) = 5.781 ± 0.12 kcal/mol	Rathjens 1953, est unc
2.9	3791.6	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) → 4 C (g) + 8 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1080.86 ± 0.45 kcal/mol	Karton 2017
2.5	3794.6	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + H2 (g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -150.05 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
1.8	8158.6	CH(CHCHCH) (g) + 2 CH3CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + 2 CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -125.12 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
1.6	8159.6	CH(CHCHCH) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -159.84 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
1.3	2375.1	2 H2 (g) + C (graphite) → CH4 (g)	Δ_rG°(1165 K) = 37.521 ± 0.068 kJ/mol	Smith 1946, note COf, 3rd Law
1.1	125.2	1/2 O2 (g) + H2 (g) → H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -285.8261 ± 0.040 kJ/mol	Rossini 1939, Rossini 1931, Rossini 1931b, note H2Oa, Rossini 1930
1.1	8929.6	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) → CH(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 411.91 ± 2.0 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.7	3791.7	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) → 4 C (g) + 8 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1080.7 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Bakowies 2020
0.6	3795.5	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.16 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.6	3795.6	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.2 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Bakowies 2020
0.5	3793.8	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) → 2 CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 16.7 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Bakowies 2020
0.5	2529.1	CH2CH2 (g) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (cr,l)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -1411.18 ± 0.30 kJ/mol	Rossini 1937
0.5	2228.7	C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = -393.464 ± 0.024 kJ/mol	Hawtin 1966, note CO2e
0.5	3795.2	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 0.80 ± 1.0 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.5	3795.4	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.07 ± 1.0 kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.4	3795.1	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.13 ± 1.1 kcal/mol	Ruscic G3X

Top 10 species with enthalpies of formation correlated to the Δ_fH° of CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)

Please note: The correlation coefficients are obtained by renormalizing the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix by the corresponding variances.
The correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to 1, with 1 representing perfectly correlated species, -1 representing perfectly anti-correlated species, and 0 representing perfectly uncorrelated species.

Correlation Coefficent (%)	Species Name	Formula	Δ_fH°(0 K)	Δ_fH°(298.15 K)	Uncertainty	Units	Relative Molecular Mass	ATcT ID
65.6	Cyclobutane	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (l)		3.88	± 0.38	kJ/mol	56.1063 ± 0.0032	287-23-0*590
34.0	Ethylene	CH2CH2 (g)	60.89	52.38	± 0.11	kJ/mol	28.0532 ± 0.0016	74-85-1*0
33.9	Ethylene cation	[CH2CH2]+ (g)	1075.20	1067.99	± 0.11	kJ/mol	28.0526 ± 0.0016	34470-02-5*0
24.7	Ethane	CH3CH3 (g)	-68.41	-84.03	± 0.12	kJ/mol	30.0690 ± 0.0017	74-84-0*0
22.9	Propane	CH3CH2CH3 (g)	-82.73	-105.01	± 0.15	kJ/mol	44.0956 ± 0.0025	74-98-6*0
22.7	n-Butane	CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	-98.25	-125.56	± 0.18	kJ/mol	58.1222 ± 0.0033	106-97-8*0
22.6	Carbonic acid	C(O)(OH)2 (aq, undissoc)		-698.673	± 0.028	kJ/mol	62.0248 ± 0.0012	463-79-6*1000
21.8	Carbon	C (g)	711.381	716.866	± 0.039	kJ/mol	12.01070 ± 0.00080	7440-44-0*0
21.8	Carbon	C (g, triplet)	711.381	716.866	± 0.039	kJ/mol	12.01070 ± 0.00080	7440-44-0*1
21.8	Carbon cation	C+ (g)	1797.834	1803.432	± 0.039	kJ/mol	12.01015 ± 0.00080	14067-05-1*0

Most Influential reactions involving CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)

Please note: The list, which is based on a hat (projection) matrix analysis, is limited to no more than 20 largest influences.

Influence Coefficient	TN ID	Reaction	Measured Quantity	Reference
0.477	3793.1	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) → 2 CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rG°(750 K) = -13.37 ± 0.12 kcal/mol	Quick 1972, 3rd Law, note unc3
0.408	3796.1	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (l) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)	Δ_rH°(298.15 K) = 23.92 ± 0.48 kJ/mol	Majer 1985
0.373	3796.2	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (l) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)	Δ_rH°(285.67 K) = 5.781 ± 0.12 kcal/mol	Rathjens 1953, est unc
0.134	8929.6	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) → CH(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 411.91 ± 2.0 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.123	8159.6	CH(CHCHCH) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH2CHCHCH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -159.84 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.119	8158.6	CH(CHCHCH) (g) + 2 CH3CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + 2 CH2CH2 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -125.12 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.060	3799.5	CH3CH(CH2CH2) (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 0.68 ± 1.2 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.051	3799.2	CH3CH(CH2CH2) (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.11 ± 1.3 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.051	3799.4	CH3CH(CH2CH2) (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 0.92 ± 1.3 kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.048	8930.5	CH(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CHCH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -1.43 ± 0.85 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.044	3799.1	CH3CH(CH2CH2) (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 0.88 ± 1.4 kcal/mol	Ruscic G3X
0.042	8930.2	CH(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CHCH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -1.36 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic G4
0.042	8930.4	CH(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CHCH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -1.33 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.042	8930.1	CH(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CHCH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -1.56 ± 0.90 kcal/mol	Ruscic G3X
0.036	3791.6	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) → 4 C (g) + 8 H (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1080.86 ± 0.45 kcal/mol	Karton 2017
0.034	8930.3	CH(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CHCH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -1.53 ± 1.0 kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.033	3799.3	CH3CH(CH2CH2) (g) → CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 0.91 ± 1.6 kcal/mol	Ruscic CBS-n
0.032	3794.6	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + H2 (g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = -150.05 ± 2.00 kJ/mol	Klippenstein 2017
0.014	3795.5	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.16 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Ruscic W1RO
0.014	3795.6	CH2(CH2CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH3 (g) → CH2(CH2CH2) (g) + CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)	Δ_rH°(0 K) = 1.2 ± 0.9 kcal/mol	Bakowies 2020

References

1		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner, Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several "Key" Enthalpies of Formation Revisited. J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9979-9997 (2004) [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y]
2		B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, G. von Laszewski, D. Kodeboyina, A. Burcat, D. Leahy, D. Montoya, and A. F. Wagner, Active Thermochemical Tables: Thermochemistry for the 21^st Century. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 16, 561-570 (2005) [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/16/1/078]
3		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.172 of the Thermochemical Network (2024); available at ATcT.anl.gov
4		K. L. Caster, N. A. Seifert, B. Ruscic, A. W. Jasper, and K. Prozument, Dynamics of HCN, NHC, and HNCO Formation in the 193 nm Photodissociation of Formamide J. Phys. Chem. A (in press) (2024) [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02232]
5		B. Ruscic, Uncertainty Quantification in Thermochemistry, Benchmarking Electronic Structure Computations, and Active Thermochemical Tables. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 114, 1097-1101 (2014) [DOI: 10.1002/qua.24605]
6		B. Ruscic and D. H. Bross, Thermochemistry Computer Aided Chem. Eng. 45, 3-114 (2019) [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64087-1.00001-2]

Formula

The aggregate state is given in parentheses following the formula, such as: g - gas-phase, cr - crystal, l - liquid, etc.

Uncertainties

The listed uncertainties correspond to estimated 95% confidence limits, as customary in thermochemistry (see, for example, Ruscic [5] and Ruscic and Bross[6]).
Note that an uncertainty of ± 0.000 kJ/mol indicates that the estimated uncertainty is < ± 0.000₅ kJ/mol.

Website Functionality Credits

The reorganization of the website was developed and implemented by David H. Bross (ANL).
The find function is based on the complete Species Dictionary entries for the appropriate version of the ATcT TN.
The molecule images are rendered by Indigo-depict.
The XYZ renderings are based on Jmol: an open-source Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D. http://www.jmol.org/.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.